International Journal of Politics & Social Sciences Review (IJPSSR)
type: channel
description: ISSN 2959-6467 (Online) :: ISSN 2959-6459 (Print) :: ISSN 2959-6459 (ISSN-L) International Journal of Politics & Social Sciences Review (IJPSSR) is a peer-reviewed & multi-disciplinary online open access journal, which provides the best platform for researchers and scholars all over the world to share the latest findings. Authors are encouraged to submit complete, unpublished, original and innovative works in all social science fields. The journal focuses on, but not limited to the following topics: Political Science, Philosophy, Criminology, Anthropology, Humanities, Government Studies, Development Studies, Gender Studies, International Relations, Law, Public Administration, Public Policy, Women Education, Women Empowerment, Education, Sociology, Psychology, Physical Education & Sports, Special Education, Journalism & Mass Communication, Islamic Studies, Pakistan Studies, Cultural Studies, History, Geography, Cross-cultural Studies, Linguistic and Literature, Social Work, Online & Distance Learning, Global Pedagogies, Ethics, Demographical Studies, Economics, Commerce, Management Sciences and other related subjects. Authors are encouraged to submit your papers through Open Journal System (OJS) or send to us via this email ijpssrjournal@gmail.com directly according to the submission guidelines.
publisher: Gandhara Education and Research Consultants (GERC)
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Politics & Social Sciences Review (IJPSSR)
issn: 2959-6459
items: Professional Development for Local Chinese Language Teachers in Pakistan
items: Navigating the 17 Sustainable Development Goals Landscape in Pakistan: Progress, Pitfalls, and Prospects
items: Socioeconomic Impact of Tuberculosis in District Swabi, Pakistan: A Quantitative Study
items: 18th Constitutional Amendment: Challenges and Controversies
items: Comparative Analysis of Trump-Biden Administration Foreign Policy towards Pakistan: Contemporary and Future Prospects
items: The Sound of Conflict: A Quantitative Analysis of Editorial Tone in Liberal, State-Aligned and Conservative Media Framing of the Iran-Israel Conflict (2023-2025)
items: Exploring Inattentive Symptoms, Anxiety and Safety Needs in a Child: A Clinical Case Study
items: Care as Collateral: Maternal Inheritance and Organisational Violence in Arundhati Roy’s Mother Mary Comes to Me
items: Father–Child Communication in Migrant Families and Adult Attachment Among Young Pakistani Adults
items: Analyzing the Effects of Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Stress Management among Physical Education Teachers working at Secondary School Level
items: Market Competition, Industrial Policy and Corporate Risk-Taking: Evidence from Pakistani Enterprises
items: The Impact of Early Speech Language Intervention on Language Development in Children with Speech Delays: A Quantitative Study of Parental Perceptions
items: How Religious Teachings can help Lower Poverty and Unemployment: A Social and Educational Approach
items: Psychosocial Determinant of Diabetes Management among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Focus group discussion
items: India's Missile Development and Regional Arms Control
items: Humanitarian Dimensions of the Islamic Law of War: The Case of Prisoners of War
items: Efficiency of Collaborative Learning in different Class Settings
items: The Russian Resurgence: Strategic Objectives and Political Maneuvering in the Middle East
items: Rohingya Refugees Repatriation and Natural Disasters – A Crisis within a Crisis
items: Navigating Geopolitical Pressures: Minority Rights in Bangladesh’s Regional and Global Contexts
items: The Role of Sociodemographic Parameters in Shaping Epistemological Beliefs among Pre-service Teachers - A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
items: Assessing Pakistani Bank's Efficiency, A Data Envelopment Analysis Study on Post-M&As
items: Assessing the Quality of Teaching Methodology in Secondary School Physics: Evidence from Bahawalpur, Pakistan
items: Youth Perspectives on Climate Crisis Awareness and Human Security: Analyzing Pakistan's Human and Economic Security Landscape
items: Impactism (A Proposed Purpose-Driven Alternative to Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, and Fascism)
items: Assessing the Impact of English Writing Proficiency on Academic Performance: A CEFRL-Based Study of CA Students
items: Concerns of Political Parties of Pakistan in the Digital Age: Reconciliation or Fragmentation?
items: The Zionist Settler Colonialism, Bullying and Rebellion against International Law and Human Rights in Occupied Palestine, A Legal and Political Perspective
items: Examining the Role of AI-Based Conversation in Enhancing English Speaking Practice among Non-Native Learners
items: Awareness of Disability among General Education Teachers: A Study in the Schools of District Gilgit

Professional Development for Local Chinese Language Teachers in Pakistan
type: item
description: This study identifies three critical issues plaguing the professional development of local Chinese language teachers in Pakistan: the absence of systematic and localized teacher training programs, excessively heavy workloads that impede effective teaching and career growth, and a severe shortage of tailored, context-specific localized teaching resources. Adopting a rigorous mixed-methods research approach, the study incorporates a quantitative survey of 55 local Chinese language teachers across various educational institutions in Pakistan and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 key stakeholders, including experienced teachers and institute administrators, to collect comprehensive empirical data. The research constructs a theoretical framework that categorizes training, workload, and resources as core axial categories directly influencing teachers’ career development and overall job satisfaction. The findings further reveal that the key systemic challenges include the lack of sustained, locally adapted professional development initiatives, inadequate remuneration and job security, scarce relevant teaching materials aligned with Pakistani learners’ cultural and linguistic needs, and limited clear career advancement pathways. Based on the empirical insights, the study offers targeted, actionable recommendations to enhance institutional support systems, improve teacher compensation and job stability, develop localized teaching resources, and establish structured training mechanisms, with the ultimate aim of elevating the quality and ensuring the long-term sustainability of Chinese language education in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chinese Language Teachers, Professional Development, Pakistan, Teacher Training, Localization.
  topic: keywords
creator: Uswa Naheed (于梦悦)
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Uswa Naheed (于梦悦) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-19
publication date: 2026-03-19
starting page: 102
ending page: 114
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19115312

Navigating the 17 Sustainable Development Goals Landscape in Pakistan: Progress, Pitfalls, and Prospects
type: item
description: The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the United Nations in 2015 marked a global commitment to address poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and governance challenges through the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pakistan adopted this agenda in 2016, integrating the SDGs into its Vision 2025 framework and establishing institutional mechanisms at both the federal and provincial levels. Despite these efforts, progress has remained uneven, with persistent challenges in poverty reduction, gender equality, and institutional governance. This study employs a qualitative purposive content analysis of interview data to critically examine Pakistan’s SDG trajectory. The purposive sampling approach enabled the collection of diverse perspectives from stakeholders engaged in education, governance, civil society, and grassroots activism. Content analysis was applied to categorize responses across the 17 SDGs, highlighting both achievements and gaps. The results reveal a dual narrative. On one hand, grassroots practices such as plastic reduction, composting, tree planting, and NGO-led initiatives demonstrate growing awareness and localized progress, particularly in SDG 3 (Health), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). On the other hand, systemic weaknesses persist in areas such as SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 7 (Clean Energy), and SDG 16 (Institutions), where cultural barriers, weak governance, and limited resources hinder advancement. Goals such as SDG 14 (Life Below Water) remain largely neglected in national discourse. The study suggests that Pakistan’s SDG journey requires both bottom-up community action and top-down institutional reforms. Key recommendations include integrating grassroots practices into national monitoring frameworks, strengthening governance and accountability mechanisms, investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, and fostering inclusive policies that address gender and social inequalities. By …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Action, Gender Equality, Governance, Pakistan, Resilience, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Nelofar Ikram
creator: Dr. Safia Bano
creator: Dr. Erum Muzaffar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Nelofar Ikram, Dr. Safia Bano, Dr. Erum Muzaffar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 83
ending page: 101
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18940647

Socioeconomic Impact of Tuberculosis in District Swabi, Pakistan: A Quantitative Study
type: item
description: This article examined patients’ perceptions of the impact of Tuberculosis (TB) on their socioeconomic lives and analyzed whether effects differ by gender. The data were collected from 100 TB patients through simple random sampling. Chi-square and Kendall’s Tau-b tests were used to examine the association among variables. The association of patients’ perceptions was found to be significant and positive, with TB patients being stigmatized (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.414), socially isolated (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.139), and family members avoiding meals with the TB patients (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.363). Furthermore, the association of patients’ perception was found significant and positive with TB, adding financial burden on the family (P < 0.05, Tb=0.223), patients borrow money for treatment (P < 0.05, Tb =0.360), and sell the productive assets (P < 0.05, Tb =0.132). The results also showed that, after controlling for patients' gender, the association between patients’ perceptions and the social impacts of TB is significant (P < 0.05) and more negative for females than for males (for male TB = -0.272, for female TB = -0.324). Similarly, after controlling for patients' gender, the association between patients’ perceptions and the economic impacts of TB was significant (P < 0.05) and more negative for females than for males (for male TB = -0.242, for female TB = -0.332). The results concluded that the adverse impacts of TB were higher on females than on males.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tuberculosis (TB), Social Impact, Economic Impact, Gender, Swabi, Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Hizra Jehan Zaib
creator: Hiba Khalil
creator: Dr. Muhammad Bilal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hizra Jehan Zaib, Hiba Khalil, Dr. Muhammad Bilal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 71
ending page: 82
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18879071

18th Constitutional Amendment: Challenges and Controversies
type: item
description: The 18th Constitutional Amendment, enacted in Pakistan in 2010, is widely regarded as one of the most consequential reforms in the country’s constitutional history. It aimed to restore the parliamentary character of the 1973 Constitution, reduce the concentration of authority in the presidency, and devolve powers to provinces in order to strengthen democratic governance and improve service delivery. While the amendment is celebrated for enhancing provincial autonomy and limiting unilateral presidential interventions, its implementation has generated a range of practical challenges and political controversies. A key research gap persists in systematically evaluating the operational difficulties that emerged after devolution, including administrative capacity constraints, fiscal imbalances, policy fragmentation across provinces, and contestations over jurisdiction between the federation and provinces. This study addresses that gap by analyzing the principal challenges faced during implementation and the controversies shaping perceptions of the amendment’s impact on federalism. Guided by decentralization and federalism theories, the study conceptualizes the amendment as an institutional intervention whose outcomes depend on variables such as administrative capacity, financial resources, policy consistency, and federal–provincial coordination. Employing a qualitative methodology based on legal texts, policy documents, government reports, and academic literature, the study finds that the amendment strengthened democratic institutions and provincial authority, but its effectiveness has been constrained by uneven capacity across provinces, limited fiscal space relative to devolved responsibilities, weak coordination mechanisms, and recurring political disputes. The findings underscore the need for cooperative federalism mechanisms that balance provincial empowerment with national cohesion and minimum service standards.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 18th Amendment, Constitutional Reforms, Devolution, Federalism, Governance, Pakistan Politics, Provincial Autonomy, Public Policy Making.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Nusrat Rehman
creator: Faiza Mansoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Nusrat Rehman, Faiza Mansoor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-01
publication date: 2026-03-01
starting page: 53
ending page: 59
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18824905

Comparative Analysis of Trump-Biden Administration Foreign Policy towards Pakistan: Contemporary and Future Prospects
type: item
description: The relations between the US and Pakistan have always been dynamic and played crucial role in South Asia's regional stability. To determine the continuation of the historical engagements, this study assesses the crucial US-Pakistan ties and what challenges both nations have faced during first term of Presidents Donald Trump and subsequent President Joe Biden administration. It also evaluates the contemporary Pak-US relations during Trump 2.0 and the future associated aspects. The imperative Pak-US partnership has been studied using a qualitative study methodology. In a bid to evaluate political participation, cross-cultural interactions, and security cooperation, the study also examined personality influence of Trump and Biden. States take action to further their interests and persuade other nations to act in facilitation of those goals. Since the 9/11 attacks, Pakistan has drawn attention from US policy circles, which includes both areas of shared and divergent interest. First, the South Asian security mechanism depends on Pakistan's paramount role in promoting regional stability, economic cooperation, and friendly relations with major powers. Second, there is a need for a clear position on counterterrorism initiatives, the Indo-US strategic cooperation to counter China. The findings reveal that the stability of South Asia depends on balanced relations between Islamabad and Washington and issues pertaining to asymmetric regional security.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pakistan-US Relations, Comparative Analysis of President Trump-Biden Policy, Strategic Partnership, Neorealism and Constructivism, South Asia Regional Stability
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Maira Afzazze Saeed
creator: Basit Ali
creator: Ahmad Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Maira Afzazze Saeed, Basit Ali, Ahmad Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 60
ending page: 70
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18850717

The Sound of Conflict: A Quantitative Analysis of Editorial Tone in Liberal, State-Aligned and Conservative Media Framing of the Iran-Israel Conflict (2023-2025)
type: item
description: This research consists of a quantitative content analysis of the editorial tone employed by three ideologically opposing newspapers, namely, Haaretz, a liberal Israeli newspaper; Kayhan, an International state-aligned Iranian newspaper; and The Wall Street Journal, a conservative American newspaper, on the Iran-Israel conflict between October 2023 and March 2025. Analyzing 677 editorials, the research is a systematic measurement of the sentiment positive, negative, and neutral across the countries of Iran, Israel, and the United States. Findings that proved statistically (using chi-square) that there is a profound and predictable ideological polarization in sentiment. Haaretz is overwhelmingly negative to Israel, 97.6% Kayhan is universally negative to Israel, 100% and the US, 94.7% while being positive to Iran, 72.4%. WSJ is strongly positive to Israel, 84.8% and is negative to Iran, 68.5%. The results demonstrate the importance and quantifiability of editorial tone as a critical instrument of the use of media as ideological expression that each media outlet uses to fulfil different geopolitical mandates of internal critique, resistance mobilization or strategic alliance reinforcement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Editorial Tone, Bias of Ideologies, Media Framing, Iran-Israel Conflict.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mashhood Ur Rehman
creator: Dr. Abida Noureen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mashhood Ur Rehman, Dr. Abida Noureen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 36
ending page: 43
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18803496

Exploring Inattentive Symptoms, Anxiety and Safety Needs in a Child: A Clinical Case Study
type: item
description: This case study presents a 7-year-old boy who was referred for concerns related to inattention, daytime urinary incontinence, frequent urination, and strong fear of using the toilet alone. His mother also reported forgetfulness, easy distraction, and a clear decline in school performance over the past six months. These problems started gradually but became more noticeable with time. The child also showed signs of emotional discomfort and appeared guarded during early clinical sessions. He avoided certain situations, especially those related to bathroom use, and often needed reassurance from adults. A comprehensive psychological assessment was conducted using clinical interviews with the child and parent, behavioral observation, and standardized assessment tools. The results showed symptoms consistent with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation, along with elevated anxiety symptoms. The child showed difficulty with attention, working memory, and emotional regulation. During the therapeutic process, the child slowly began to share experiences that made him feel unsafe and fearful, which appeared to increase his anxiety and avoidance behaviors. A structured and multidisciplinary intervention plan was provided. This included cognitive behavioral therapy; play based therapeutic techniques, emotional regulation support, and occupational therapy. The main goal was to help the child feel safe, reduce anxiety, improve emotional expression, and strengthen attention and daily functioning. The child was also supported in developing coping skills and confidence in managing difficult situations. Over a period of six months, the child showed noticeable improvement. His anxiety reduced, emotional expression improved, and his ability to focus and participate in daily activities increased. He became more comfortable in therapy and showed better adjustment in daily routines and school related tasks. This case highlights the importance of caref…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Phobia, Fear, Inattentive, CBT, Emotional Regulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Zainab Shahin Alam
creator: Maham Rasheed
creator: Diya Iyad Mohammad Abu Sultan
creator: Mohammed Abdelbadie Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zainab Shahin Alam, Maham Rasheed, Diya Iyad Mohammad Abu Sultan, Mohammed Abdelbadie Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-02-22
publication date: 2026-02-22
starting page: 26
ending page: 35
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18730987

Care as Collateral: Maternal Inheritance and Organisational Violence in Arundhati Roy’s Mother Mary Comes to Me
type: item
description: Arundhati Roy’s Mother Mary Comes to Me (2025) has primarily been read as a memoir of maternal conflict and personal inheritance. This article proposes a different critical approach, reading the text as an analysis of care as an organisational regime in which love, discipline, and violence are structurally entangled. Rather than treating maternal harm as an aberration or trauma alone, the article situates it within overlapping institutions of family, faith, and feminism, demonstrating how care functions as a mechanism through which injury is normalised and responsibility redistributed. Through close textual analysis, the study examines the ethical limits of contextual explanation, particularly where genealogies of violence risk softening accountability. It further interrogates the memoir’s tendency to narrativise injury as formative, attending to moments in which suffering is assimilated into narrative coherence and others in which it remains resistant to meaning. The article contends that Mother Mary Comes to Me performs its most critical work not by resolving these tensions but by staging their impasse, offering a rigorous account of inheritance, defiance, and the political organisation of care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Care, Maternal Inheritance, Feminist Ethics, Violence and Accountability, Narrative Organisation, Arundhati Roy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahin Wahla
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mahin Wahla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 44
ending page: 52
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18816064

Father–Child Communication in Migrant Families and Adult Attachment Among Young Pakistani Adults
type: item
description: Father–child communication constitutes a critical relational mechanism through which attachment orientations are shaped across development. In migrant families, prolonged paternal absence may disrupt everyday emotional exchanges, with enduring implications for attachment security during emerging adulthood. Drawing on attachment theory and family systems perspectives, the present study examined the association between father–child communication and adult attachment orientations among young Pakistani adults raised in migrant family contexts, and tested family functioning as a mediating mechanism. Using a cross-sectional correlational design, data were collected from 600 Pakistani young adults aged 18–23 years who reported a history of paternal labor migration during childhood. Participants completed Urdu-validated measures of father–child communication, adult attachment anxiety and avoidance, and family functioning. Results indicated that higher perceived quality of father–child communication was significantly associated with lower attachment anxiety and avoidance and greater attachment security. Mediation analyses revealed that family functioning partially mediated the relationship between father–child communication and adult attachment security. These findings advance attachment and family systems theory by demonstrating culturally specific relational pathways through which paternal communication shapes adult attachment security in migration-affected families. The study underscores the importance of culturally responsive family interventions and paternal engagement practices in migration-affected contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Father–Child Communication, Adult Attachment, Migrant Families, Emerging Adulthood, Pakistan, Family Functioning
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Afzal
creator: Sherkhonov Umarali Tokhirovich
creator: Raharinirina Hery Valisoa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Afzal, Sherkhonov Umarali Tokhirovich, Raharinirina Hery Valisoa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
starting page: 18
ending page: 25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18548820

Analyzing the Effects of Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Stress Management among Physical Education Teachers working at Secondary School Level
type: item
description: The main purpose of this study Effects of social support and self-efficacy on stress management among physical education teachers working at secondary schools of District Dera Ismail Khan. Therefore, the cross-sectional approached employed by the researcher. The Data were collected from 495 male and female physical education teachers selected through stratified random sampling. Standardized instruments were used to measure perceived social support, self-efficacy, and stress management, and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version-32) For the data analysis the researcher were used Statistical tools descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, t-tests, and ANOVA. On the basis of results, the findings Found that the teachers reported moderate to high levels of social support, self-efficacy, and stress management. Significant positive relationships were found between social support and stress management, as well as between self-efficacy and stress management, with self-efficacy emerging as the stronger predictor. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that both variables independently and jointly contributed to effective stress management. Demographic factors such as gender, teaching experience, and educational level showed significant variations, while ethnicity did not influence the study variables. On the basis of results, this study highlighted that Social Support and Self-Efficacy has significance impact upon Stress Management among Physical Education Teachers working at Secondary School Level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Support, Self-Efficacy Stress, Management and Physical Education Teachers
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Basit
creator: Nasira Parveen
creator: Muhammad Ijaz
creator: Ghulshan Tahira
creator: Muhammad Aqeel
creator: Tuheed Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Basit, Nasira Parveen, Muhammad Ijaz, Ghulshan Tahira, Muhammad Aqeel, Tuheed Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 9
ending page: 17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18362427

Market Competition, Industrial Policy and Corporate Risk-Taking: Evidence from Pakistani Enterprises
type: item
description: This study evaluates the impact of industrial policy and market competition on corporate risk-taking using data from Pakistani firms. This study reveals that industrial policy (IP), measured by IP-hat, consistently reduces corporate risk-taking across multiple model specifications. The relationship between market competition (HHI) and risk-taking shows methodological sensitivity, while Pooled OLS estimates indicate significant negative effects from both high and low competition levels, these effects become statistically insignificant in fixed effects models that control for firm-level heterogeneity. This suggests that observed competition effects may stem from time-invariant firm characteristics rather than dynamic market changes. Furthermore, we find no significant interaction between industrial policy and market competition, indicating that policy effects operate independently of market structure. These results highlight the risk-suppressing nature of IP in emerging economies and underscore the importance of methodological considerations in competition studies. The findings carry important implications for policymakers designing industrial policies that balance firm support with innovation incentives in developing markets.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Industrial Policy; Corporate Risk-Taking; Market Competition; Pakistani Firms; Fixed Effects Model
  topic: keywords
creator: Tauseeq Muhammad Sabar (杨孝)
creator: Nawaz Rao Sabir (勇敢)
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tauseeq Muhammad Sabar (杨孝), Nawaz Rao Sabir (勇敢) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18362352

The Impact of Early Speech Language Intervention on Language Development in Children with Speech Delays: A Quantitative Study of Parental Perceptions
type: item
description: Early speech-language intervention (ESLI) plays a crucial role in addressing speech delays in children, enhancing their communication skills and overall development. This study explores the impact of ESLI on children's language development, focusing on parental perceptions of the therapy's effectiveness. The research was conducted in a diverse sample of parents whose children received speech therapy for various speech delays. Using a quantitative descriptive design, data were collected from 120 parents via a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The sampling technique used in the study was non-probability convenience sampling, which allowed for the inclusion of 120 parents who were accessible and willing to participate in the study. The results indicate significant improvements in vocabulary, sentence structure, and speech clarity, with mean scores ranging from 3.75 to 3.91. Parents expressed strong satisfaction with the therapy's effect on their child's language comprehension and communication confidence. However, challenges related to maintaining child motivation and applying skills outside therapy sessions were identified, with mean scores ranging from 3.50 to 3.75. These findings emphasize the importance of early, personalized interventions and active parental involvement in reinforcing therapy at home.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Early Speech-Language Intervention, Speech Delays, Language Development, Parental Perceptions, Therapy Outcomes, Communication Skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Waqar Un Nisa
creator: Misbah Tariq
creator: Muhammad Haroon Manj
creator: Muhammad Hadi Haideri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Waqar Un Nisa, Misbah Tariq, Muhammad Haroon Manj, Muhammad Hadi Haideri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 144
ending page: 154
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18001742

How Religious Teachings can help Lower Poverty and Unemployment: A Social and Educational Approach
type: item
description: This study, entitled “The Role of Religious Teachings in Reducing Poverty and Unemployment: An Educational and Social Approach,” explores the significance of religious principles in addressing economic challenges. In the religion of Islam, great emphasis is placed on the importance of work and employment as means of preserving human dignity, ensuring independence from others, and fulfilling one’s basic needs through lawful earnings. Numerous examples demonstrate that even the divine prophets, despite their great mission of conveying Almighty Allah message to humankind, engaged in various professions so as not to be dependent on others and to provide for themselves and their families. This clearly indicates that Islam strongly advocates the eradication of poverty. From a methodological perspective, this research is applied in purpose and descriptive in nature, conducted through a literature review of Quranic verses, prophetic traditions (Hadith), and relevant scholarly works.The findings reveal that religious teachings play a significant and influential role in reducing poverty and unemployment. By implementing these teachings and engaging in lawful, ethical labor consistent with Islamic principles, poverty and deprivation can be eliminated from society, leading Muslims toward a prosperous and dignified life free from destitution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Educational; Poverty; Religious Teachings; Unemployment; Zakat
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasratullah Nasrat
creator: Mohammad Aziz Mohammadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nasratullah Nasrat, Mohammad Aziz Mohammadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 111
ending page: 123
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17858061

Psychosocial Determinant of Diabetes Management among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Focus group discussion
type: item
description: Background: Diabetes distress, poor self-care, and impaired coping are the common psychological and behavioral issues that have always been known to complicate the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mindfulness-based therapies, especially Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), have demonstrated potential to alter these outcomes although qualitative data are needed to supplement quantitative data. Aim: The study has investigated the attitudes of the stakeholders regarding the psychological and behavioral impact of T2DM and the applicability of mindfulness-based interventions. Method: A purposively selected sample size of 6 participants including one doctor, dietitian, physiotherapist, clinical psychologist, patient with T2DM, and caregiver participated in a qualitative focus group discussion. The FGD guide was prepared based on searching literature systematically and attended the top themes of distress, self-care, coping, psychological flexibility, and social support. The two-hour meeting took place online, was recorded, and transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using themes. Findings: Emotional distress, irregular self-care practices, social support were observed to have displayed key difficulties associated with them. The participants also pointed to the usefulness of mindfulness and ACT-derived interventions in improving coping, psychological flexibility, as well as adjusting towards following self-care regimes, with a need to extend such intervention models to take into account the cultural specifics of the targeted population. Conclusion: Mindfulness-informed interventions, and in particular, ACT-based intervention programs, have a potential to positively affect psychological and behavioral outcomes of T2DM illness management through mitigating distress and improving self-care and support systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Psychological Outcomes, Focus Group Discussion, Self-care.
  topic: keywords
creator: Faiza Batool
creator: Dr. Anila Sadaf Mubashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faiza Batool, Dr. Anila Sadaf Mubashir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 91
ending page: 99
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17849028

India's Missile Development and Regional Arms Control
type: item
description: The South Asian security landscape has been influenced by India's relentless pursuit of missile development and modernization. This research critically analyze the growing arsenal of India, its ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and new hypersonic technology. It also analyze how the missile race destabilizes the region and makes the process of arms control more complicated while also analyze the implications for Pakistan. The paper argues that India's missile development and nuclear modernization under the pretext of countering China, which inadvertently results in a reactive dynamic in Pakistan, however, India's missile range is not restricted to South Asia, which means that its prestige-oriented logic has resulted in the qualitative and quantitative improvement of its missile resources. It is this action-reaction loop that drives an arms race, undermining strategic stability, enhancing crisis instability, and escalating risks, especially in a region already defined by historical tensions and nuclear rivalry. The paper also examines how these developments pose a setback to regional arms control efforts and confidence-building efforts, which eventually contribute to South Asian insecurity. The paper, through an empirical and policy-oriented study, highlights the need for renewed dialogue and arms control measures to curb the destabilizing effects of missile competition in South Asia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arms Control, Hypersonic Missiles, Ballistic Missiles, MIRV, Brahmos, South Asia, Anti-Satellite
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Shahzad Akram
creator: Moneeb Mir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shahzad Akram, Moneeb Mir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 155
ending page: 168
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18047548

Humanitarian Dimensions of the Islamic Law of War: The Case of Prisoners of War
type: item
description: This qualitative study will be trying to explore the humanitarian aspects of Islamic law of war (Siyar) regarding prisoners of war (POWs) with the help of a comparison with international humanitarian law (IHL), especially the Geneva Conventions. Based on classical Islamic jurisprudence of the four major Sunni schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) and modern literature, this paper examines the convergence and divergence between Islamic and international legal rules involving treatment of POWs. By using a systemic analysis of primary Islamic sources, the Quran, Hadith, and works of classical jurists, and through comparing Geneva Convention III, this study finds a significant overlap in the principles of humanitarianism, and identifies methodological differences. Results indicate that the two systems have underlying similarities in their dedication to humane treatment, protection of civilians, and controlled disposal of prisoners, but these differ in the outcomes and permissible actions that can be implemented. This paper builds upon the literature of legal pluralism by showing that the classical Islamic standards of humanitarianism have directions for the modern POW protection debate. The study has important suggestions to harmonization of international law, military pedagogy in Muslim predominant countries and humanitarian interfaith dialogue.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Law of War, Prisoners of War, International Humanitarian Law, Geneva Conventions, Siyar
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Jaweed Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Jaweed Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 124
ending page: 132
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17899646

Efficiency of Collaborative Learning in different Class Settings
type: item
description: Collaborative learning has indeed been esteemed as a pedagogical pathway that strengthens the students' commitment to their work and favorable academic achievement. The present paper focuses on the divergent classroom settings in which collaborative learning takes hold and the divergent age groups and subjects involved. In the course of working through the literature and empirical studies, this paper puts forth the advantages and drawbacks that may accompany collaborative learning pedagogy. The results show that while collaborative learning is indeed effective, successful implementation relies on parameters such as classroom orientation, subject matter, and developmental level of the students. These aspects are subsequently discussed with the paper, which converses about how collaborative learning experiences can be created for better application and potential avenues for future research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Collaborative Learning, Student Engagement, Academic Results, Class Settings, Education, Collaborative Teaching, Group Mobility
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. Abdul Jalil Kahdistani
creator: Bahramuddin Hamidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Abdul Jalil Kahdistani, Bahramuddin Hamidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 100
ending page: 110
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17849127

The Russian Resurgence: Strategic Objectives and Political Maneuvering in the Middle East
type: item
description: Middle East is a conflict hub where major powers institutionalized its role and strategies. Russian engagement in the Middle East projects its interests in the region vis a vis other major power. The study concludes that while reestablishing itself Russia has being face challenges both at domestic and international level. From the historical perspective hard power is not an option instead; Kremlin is focusing on furthering its power and position through hard and soft power projection in the Middle East. This is based on qualitative methodology for which data from multiple sources is vigorously analyzed. This study has taken its theoretical insight from Offensive Realism with The purpose of this study is to examine the complex nature of Moscow’s foreign policy through the lens of Realist theory in order to understand the origins of Russia’s resurgence. It explores the revival of Russian foreign policy following the Cold War and highlights the growing relevance of Offensive Realism and its core principles as analytical tools in this context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Russian Resurgence, Strategies Objectives, Policies, Middle East, Major Powers, Realism.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamayun Mahmood
creator: Hanzala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hamayun Mahmood, Hanzala Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-12-13
publication date: 2025-12-13
starting page: 133
ending page: 143
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17922616

Rohingya Refugees Repatriation and Natural Disasters – A Crisis within a Crisis
type: item
description: The recent 7.7 magnitude earthquake in central Myanmar on March 28th has critically exacerbated the already protracted stalemate in the Rohingya repatriation process. This analysis contends that the natural disaster has diverted the Myanmar military regime's attention and resources towards internal disaster management and political stability, effectively deprioritizing the planned return of refugees. As the earthquake has intensified existing hurdles by damaging crucial infrastructure, eroding the perceived safety of Rakhine State among Rohingya in Cox's Bazar, the international aid has been redirected away from the refugee crisis. Furthermore, the regime's ongoing conflict with the Arakan Army in Rakhine and a flawed, non-inclusive repatriation framework continue to render return conditions unsafe and unsustainable. The paper concludes that the convergence of this natural catastrophe with persistent political and humanitarian failures has effectively halted repatriation prospects, placing an increasing strain on Bangladesh and necessitating an urgent, rights-based international response.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rohingya, Rakhine, Tatmadaw, Cox's Bazar, Cyclone Nargis, Cyclone Mocha, Statelessness
  topic: keywords
creator: Kaleem Ullah
creator: Colin Tint Lwin a.k.a Zhang Tian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kaleem Ullah, Colin Tint Lwin a.k.a Zhang Tian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
starting page: 65
ending page: 74
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17650064

Navigating Geopolitical Pressures: Minority Rights in Bangladesh’s Regional and Global Contexts
type: item
description: <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study investigates the dynamics of minority rights in Bangladesh, situated within regional diplomatic interference and international pressures. It concentrates on Hindu societies who live in Bangladesh, a majority Muslim country and discovers blueprints of inspirations that transnational dogmas exert on native communal associations, media exposure, and governmental reactions. This study combines a qualitative method of interviews with religious authorities, scholars, political leaders and journalists including significant content reviewing of media output, research articles, policies and non-government publications to investigate interconnections amongst external pressures, governance and societal resilience. The paper finds that even as extreme Hinduva ideas and discourses within India fashioned a sense of insecurity amongst Bangladeshi Hindus, although interfaith historical harmony is generally prevailed amongst the majority Muslims. Global powers such as Western actors and media tend to decrease the complications of socio-political realities. However, it wires Islamophobic ideas and contributes to the unsuspecting justification of global Hinduva extreme ideologies. The paper highlights the necessity to establish strong domestic legal systems, interfaith solidarity, regional diplomacy, and media reform. It posits that the ability of Bangladesh to protect minority rights, uphold secularism, and endure external forces is important not only to internal unity but also to the confidence of South Asian sovereignty.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bangladesh, Minority Rights, Geopolitical Pressures, Global Engagements and Regional Dynamics
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Amimul Ahsan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Amimul Ahsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 75
ending page: 90
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17713990

The Role of Sociodemographic Parameters in Shaping Epistemological Beliefs among Pre-service Teachers - A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
type: item
description: Epistemological beliefs (EBs) “individuals’ conceptions of knowledge acquisition” profoundly shape teaching practices, yet their development in non-Western contexts remains underexplored. This study investigates how demographic factors (gender, residence, academic maturation, and academic performance) influence talent- versus effort-oriented EBs among pre-service teachers in Pakistan, a context marked by urban-rural divides and gendered educational norms. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), data from 330 pre-service teachers revealed three key findings: urban-rural disparities and gendered socialization critically mediate EBs, with rural participants and males endorsing talent-centric views, while urban residents and females emphasized effort-driven epistemologies; academic maturation (semester level) significantly predicted effort-oriented beliefs, demonstrating the transformative role of pedagogical training; talent and effort exhibited dynamic interdependence, challenging binary EB frameworks and highlighting their coexistence in socioculturally finical contexts. Methodologically, this study contributes a culturally adapted SEM framework, validating Schommer’s (1990) theory in South Aisa particularly in Pakistan and addressing critiques of Western-centric models. Practically, the findings advocate for equity-driven reforms in teacher education, such as bridging urban-rural resource gaps and integrating reflective pedagogies to nurture educators who view knowledge as malleable. By centering sociocultural context, this research advances global EB scholarship and offers actionable strategies for fostering equitable, inquiry-based classrooms in underserved regions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Epistemological Beliefs, Global South, Sociocultural Determinants, Structural Equation Modeling; Teacher Education, Urban-Rural Disparities
  topic: keywords
creator: Sagheer Ahmad
creator: Afshan Naseem
creator: Rafia Irfan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sagheer Ahmad, Afshan Naseem, Rafia Irfan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-11-15
publication date: 2025-11-15
starting page: 40
ending page: 64
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17614846

Assessing Pakistani Bank's Efficiency, A Data Envelopment Analysis Study on Post-M&As
type: item
description: Large-scale M&A involved in the banking sector as the primary target have been initiated by nations globally throughout the last decade of the 20th century. A merger is a corporate restructuring tactic that has a wide range of effects on the business's performance. This study analyzed the impact of M&A on the banking industry in Pakistan from 2007 to 2017, covering four years before and after (-4, +4 years) each M&As and calculated the average efficiency score for before and after merger periods. To examine the impact of merger and acquisition on bank efficiency, this study employs DEA method in R software under both CRS and VRS. Three different input and output frameworks are applied to estimate each bank technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The results reveal a mixed impact of M&As on banks efficiency. The result reveals that few banks showed improve efficiency after M&A technique, while many banks face increased inefficiency after M&As. However, In conclusion the research findings depict that Pakistani Banks has not got any beneficial change after mergers and acquisitions (M&As).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Merger & Acquisition, Data envelopment analysis (DEA), TE, PTE, SE
  topic: keywords
creator: Rao Sabir Nawaz (勇敢)
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rao Sabir Nawaz (勇敢) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 32
ending page: 39
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17553690

Assessing the Quality of Teaching Methodology in Secondary School Physics: Evidence from Bahawalpur, Pakistan
type: item
description: Quality teaching is a cornerstone of effective education and a central determinant of students’ achievement worldwide. In developing countries such as Pakistan, science education—especially Physics—faces critical challenges due to traditional teaching methods, limited resources, and lack of professional training for teachers. This study investigates the quality of teaching methodology in Physics classrooms across public-sector secondary schools of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Drawing upon a stratified proportionate random sample of 115 principals, 139 teachers, and 800 students, data were collected through a validated questionnaire grounded in internationally recognized indicators of quality teaching. Confirmatory factor analysis established the reliability and validity of the instrument (Cronbach’s α = 0.85). Findings highlight stark differences in perceptions: while teachers rated their practices highly, both students and principals reported dissatisfaction, particularly regarding activity-based learning, student-centered pedagogy, questioning strategies, and formative assessment. The study stresses the immediate need for reforms in teacher professional training, integration of modern pedagogies, and provision of resources to align Physics teaching with constructivist and student-centered paradigms. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers, curriculum developers, and teacher training institutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality Teaching, Physics Education, Secondary Schools, Teaching Methodology, Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Muhammad Khan
creator: Dr. Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary
creator: Muhammad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Muhammad Khan, Dr. Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary2, Muhammad Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-11-02
publication date: 2025-11-02
starting page: 21
ending page: 31
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17504487

Youth Perspectives on Climate Crisis Awareness and Human Security: Analyzing Pakistan's Human and Economic Security Landscape
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between climate awareness, economic and human security in Pakistan. The climate crisis has become a crucial topic in national security discussions, with experts and politicians stressing the urgency of taking immediate action to mitigate its effects. The National Security Policy (NSP) 2022-2026 is one of the first security documents in Pakistan to recognize the interconnectedness of human and economic security as key components of national security doctrine. In this framework, climate change is an independent variable in the realm of security, as it is causing a shift in the economic and human security framework of Pakistan. The study reveals that the youth, who make up over 48 percent of the population, recognizes the threat it poses to human and economic security in Pakistan. In this context, lack of awareness on governmental policies related to climate change, and not treating the threat of climate change as a national security issue are pertinent issues linked with the national security paradigm.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change, Human Security, Economic Security, Rising Temperature
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Maryam Azam
creator: Dr. Yawar Hayat Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Maryam Azam, Dr. Yawar Hayat Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 112
ending page: 121
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17309998

Impactism (A Proposed Purpose-Driven Alternative to Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, and Fascism)
type: item
description: The twentieth century witnessed the dominance of capitalism, socialism, communism, and fascism, each claiming to ensure prosperity or justice but revealing deep flaws. This paper introduces Impactism, a human-centered paradigm that places purpose and measurable impact at the core of progress. It presents a four-level framework—individual, family, business, and government. At the individual level, it emphasizes purpose as the basis of resilience and contribution. Families extend this through legacy and social engagement. Businesses are being redefined as purpose-driven enterprises that align profit with social and environmental solutions. Governments are envisioned as partners addressing inequality, climate change, fragile health systems, and digital divides. Together, these levels form a holistic model that bridges theory and practice, offering pathways for global transformation. By embedding purpose into human, social, economic, and political life, Impactism provides an integrative and future-oriented framework that guides humanity toward inclusivity, dignity, and lasting progress in the twenty-first century.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Impactism; Human-Centered Paradigm; Purpose; Four-Level Framework; Global Transformation; Lasting Progress
  topic: keywords
creator: Jibran Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jibran Bashir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-10
publication date: 2025-10-10
starting page: 10
ending page: 20
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17311856

Assessing the Impact of English Writing Proficiency on Academic Performance: A CEFRL-Based Study of CA Students
type: item
description: This research article delineates the impact of writing proficiency in English on the academic performance of Chartered Accountancy students. The research study has considered the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) to assess and evaluate the data collected for this research. The participants involved were selected through the convenience sampling technique. Subsequently, the data collected has been analyzed through qualitative content analysis to ascertain the writing proficiency of students in English, as guided by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This research finds that the students with high and intermediate levels of writing skills performed relatively better in their academics as compared to those who had a low level of writing skills. The study concludes that there is a robust relationship between writing proficiency in English and the academic performance of Chartered Accountancy students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CEFRL, Chartered Accountancy, Academic Performance, English, Writing Proficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Moiz Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Moiz Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-05
publication date: 2025-10-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17275091

Concerns of Political Parties of Pakistan in the Digital Age: Reconciliation or Fragmentation?
type: item
description: The present paper analyzes the digital discourse of the three leading political parties in Pakistan, including Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), during the 2024 general elections. On the one hand, analyzing communication on Facebook and Twitter through official government channels, as well as reading manifestos of political parties of the future elections in 2024, the study determines whether the digital environment promoted reconciliation or increased fragmentation in the Pakistani political world. It has been found out that all the three parties employed social media to mobilize them as well as to directly communicate with voters, yet their messaging was mostly contentious. Dev-based growth and economic recovery were the core ideas promoted by PML-N that often engaged in digital conflicts with PTI; social welfare and constitutional democracy are the main priorities of PPP and it was eager to find a compromise between criticism and unification efforts but delegitimized opponents; populist anti-corruption rhetoric and strong focus on online activities were the core concerns of PTI that most often undermined the position of rivals. Despite certain convergence in structural reforms as revealed in manifestos, the virtual debate was likely to erupt polarization. The research findings indicate that the political landscape of Pakistan in 2024 was shaping up toward polarization, but there was sectional unity which can lead to unity provided it is used as a tactical advantage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pakistan 2024 Elections, Digital Politics, Social Media Discourse, PML-N, PPP, PTI, Facebook, Twitter, Party Manifestos, Political Polarization, Reconciliation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Adeel Ahmed
creator: Dr. Abdur Rehman Butt
creator: Muhammad Shoaib Jamil
creator: Dr. Muhammad Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Adeel Ahmed, Dr. Abdur Rehman Butt, Muhammad Shoaib Jamil, Dr. Muhammad Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-18
publication date: 2025-09-18
starting page: 85
ending page: 101
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17150141

The Zionist Settler Colonialism, Bullying and Rebellion against International Law and Human Rights in Occupied Palestine, A Legal and Political Perspective
type: item
description: This study examines some central questions. Like, it asks whether Zionist Israeli Bullying and Rebellion against International Law and Human Rights in Occupied Palestine. The study examines the question raised by the implications arising from a finding of illegal occupation and Zionist violations of international law in Palestine and other occupied territories. What is the concept of bullying in international relations? And what is the UN Resolution on the Creation of Zionism in Arab Palestine? In international relations, the concept of "bullying" refers to the potential threats or rights violations carried out by a state, usually against weaker states. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for analyzing bullying behavior in international relations that can potentially contribute to the identification of bullying when it takes place, and that can be utilized for both descriptive and prescriptive purposes. Although this paper introduces an analytical framework, it is not entirely an academic exercise because it has important policy implications. The roots of the Israel-Palestine conflict are grounded in the desire of the Zionist movement to establish a Jewish national home in Palestine through Jewish colonization against the will of the indigenous Arab population. The following segments of this paper highlight the aims of the Zionist movement and obstacles in their way, actions taken to establish a Jewish state, and human rights violations by the Israelis during various armed encounters with the assistance of international law.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Middle East
  topic: keywords
subject: Palestine
  topic: keywords
subject: United Nations
  topic: keywords
subject: Bullying and Rebellion
  topic: keywords
subject: International Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Israel-Palestine Conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Zionism
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mohammad Salim Al-Rawashdeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Mohammad Salim Al-Rawashdeh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-10
publication date: 2025-09-10
starting page: 62
ending page: 77
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17094622

Examining the Role of AI-Based Conversation in Enhancing English Speaking Practice among Non-Native Learners
type: item
description: This study investigates how AI-powered conversational tools can enhance the practice of non-native English speakers speaking the language. Knowing how artificial intelligence affects the development of spoken language is essential as technology integrates more into language learning contexts. The main objective of this study is to investigate how students perceive and interact with AI-powered conversation technologies, including chatbots, voice-driven assistants, and dialogue-based applications. A qualitative study approach was used, and 10 undergraduate EFL students who often use AI conversational tools participated in semi-structured interviews. Key themes and patterns in their feedback were found using thematic analysis. The results showed that AI tools enhanced learners' confidence in spoken English, encouraged learner autonomy, and offered a relaxed speaking practice environment. Nevertheless, participants also pointed up negative aspects, such as the robotic character of artificial intelligence responses and the superficial nature of discussions regarding culture or emotion. The study determines the conclusion that, although AI-based conversation tools cannot replace human connection, they can serve as helpful tools to assist language learners in becoming more fluent speakers and less nervous. The findings have consequences for curriculum designers, educational technology developers, and instructors of languages who want to incorporate AI into English language courses effectively. By showcasing learner attitudes, this investigation improves the pedagogical application of conversational artificial intelligence in EFL contexts and adds to the expanding discipline of AI-assisted language acquisition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI-Based Conversation
  topic: keywords
subject: English Speaking Practice
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Native Learners
  topic: keywords
creator: Samma Ishfaque
creator: Dr. Ishfaque Ali Kalhoro
creator: Dr. Syed Hyder Raza Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Samma Ishfaque, Dr. Ishfaque Ali Kalhoro, Dr. Syed Hyder Raza Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 54
ending page: 61
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.16943889

Awareness of Disability among General Education Teachers: A Study in the Schools of District Gilgit
type: item
description: This study investigates the awareness of disabilities among general education teachers in the district of Gilgit, Pakistan, with a focus on their knowledge of disability types, inclusive teaching strategies, and related policies. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 103 teachers selected through simple random sampling. A Likert-scale questionnaire was employed, and responses were analyzed using SPSS to examine patterns across demographic variables such as gender, qualifications, and urban–rural differences. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated low to moderate levels of awareness in all three domains. While some awareness was observed regarding the broader developmental impacts of disabilities, significant gaps remained in identifying specific impairments, adapting lesson plans, and understanding policy frameworks. Gender differences showed male teachers reporting higher awareness of disability types, while urban teachers displayed significantly greater awareness than their rural colleagues across all areas. Academic qualifications, however, did not show a meaningful impact on awareness levels. These results highlight the urgent need for targeted professional development, policy orientation sessions, and resource support, particularly for rural teachers. The study concludes that improving teacher preparedness is essential for effective implementation of inclusive education in under-resourced contexts such as district Gilgit.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inclusive Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Gilgit-Baltistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Hadi Haideri
creator: Waseem Abbas
creator: Farhana
creator: Nadia Khatoon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hadi Haideri, Waseem Abbas, Farhana, Nadia Khatoon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-08-23
publication date: 2025-08-23
starting page: 44
ending page: 53
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.16933541