Pakistani Universities as Social Enterprises: A Key to Socio-Economic Development

Abstract

Social enterprises are significant in addressing social issues and providing alternatives to the societal and economic needs. These are hybrid organizations with two institutional logics in the same entity and have complementary as well as competing logics of commercial purpose and welfare. Education, health and art usually depict social enterprising. Universities and degree awarding institutes being educational entities must address social needs. This study has opined about universities as social change agents and looked in to the evolution of hybridism and the challenges therein. Methodology is based on systematic review of literature of fifty articles from twenty two journals in the period 2000-2020. The cited literature comprised of three themes i.e. Social Entrepreneurship, Hybrid organizations and Higher Education in Pakistan. The paper has identified the challenges for theory and practice for addressing the ethics-performance paradoxes.