The Impact of Higher Education on Women Empowerment, Gender Equality and Social Justice: A Comprehensive Socio-Economic Analysis (Case Study: Chitral Upper and Lower Districts)

Abstract

This study examines the correlation of higher education with women’s empowerment, gender equality, and social justice. Applying a mixed-methods approach quantitative data was collected through a Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey administered to 360 working women. While qualitative insights were gathered from focus group discussions with 360 mothers across 12 villages in upper and lower Chitral Districts. Statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlation between education and several key variables: women empowerment (r = .620, p < 0.01), political empowerment (r = .625, p < 0.01), and gender equality (r = .371, p < 0.01), along with a correlation with income (r = .389). These findings suggest that higher educational attainment not only enhances economic prospects but also foster increased political participation and challenges traditional norms. The study concludes that investing in female higher education is crucial for achieving sustainable development and promoting a more equitable society. Future research is recommended to adopt longitudinal designs to further explore the long-term effects of educational interventions on women’s empowerment and to address enduring challenges such as early marriages and infrastructural limitations.