Educational Challenges and Opportunities for Special Students in Skardu District: A Study on the Application of the International Classification of Functioning for Children and Youth

Abstract

This study explores the educational challenges and opportunities for special students in Skardu District, with a focus on students with physical disabilities. The research aims to enhance the application of the International Classification of Functioning, for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) by deriving key categories relevant to the functioning of these students across different educational stages (preschool, elementary, and secondary school). The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and Delphi techniques to gather expert opinions on the educational needs and challenges faced by special students. Key findings reveal that while there is moderate support for the inclusion of special students in mainstream classrooms, significant barriers remain, including a lack of specialized teachers, limited resources, and social stigma. Experts highlighted the importance of collaboration among multidisciplinary professionals to address these challenges. Additionally, insufficient funding and lack of awareness were identified as major contributing factors. The study recommends improving educational resources, increasing funding for special education, and fostering greater awareness to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for special students. The research underscores the need for targeted interventions and policy reforms to enhance the educational experiences of special students in Skardu.